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Topper Site
Topper is an archaeological site located along the Savannah River in Allendale County, South Carolina, United States. It is noted as a location of controversial artifacts believed by some archaeologists to indicate human habitation of the New World earlier than the Clovis culture, previously believed to be the first people in North America. Artifacts at this site may predate Clovis by 3,000 years or more. The primary excavation has gone down to a level that dates to at least 50,000 B.C., searching for evidence of cultural artifacts. Until increasing challenges in the first decade of the 21st century to the Clovis theory based on this site and others, it was unusual for archaeologists to dig deeper than the layer of the Clovis culture, as they then believed that no human artifacts would be found older than Clovis. Among the objects from the "pre-Clovis" stratum dated to 16,000-20,000 years BP, is a large piece nicknamed the "Topper Chopper", which offers some of the most compelling evidence for human agency, including bifacial flaking of the edge.
==Geography==
Topper lies at , along the eastern side of the Savannah River. The site is somewhat hilly: the lowest section lies along the river at an elevation between and , while the highest is the site's eastern edge, which rises above . It measures approximately east-west and slightly more than half of that distance north-south, although the full extent of the archaeological deposits has not yet been determined.〔Smallwood, Ashley M. "(Clovis Biface Technology at the Topper Site, South Carolina: Evidence for Variation and Technological Flexibility )". ''Journal of Archaeological Science'' 37 (2010): 2413-2425: 2414.〕 The site is located on a large parcel of secure, private land owned by Archroma, a color and specialty chemicals company〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://archroma.com/ )〕 and is not open for public access.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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